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Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens


Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens



von: Virginia H. Dale, J.F. Franklin, Frederick J. Swanson, Charles M. Crisafulli

53,49 €

Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 16.01.2006
ISBN/EAN: 9780387281506
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 342

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Beschreibungen

<P>The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused tragic loss of life and property, but also created a unique opportunity to study a huge disturbance of natural systems and their subsequent responses. This book synthesizes 25 years of ecological research into of volcanic activity, and shows what actually happens when a volcano erupts, what the immediate and long-term dangers are, and how life reasserts itself in the environment.</P>
Recon?guring Disturbance, Succession, and Forest Management: The Science of Mount St. Helens When Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, it did more than just recon?gure a large piece of Cascadian landscape. It also led to dramatic revisions in our perspectives on disturbances, secondary succession, and forestry practices. The Mount St. Helens landscape turned out to be a far more complex place than the “moonscape” that it initially appeared to be. Granted, a large area was literally scoured and sterilized, and that vast expanse of newly formed rock, mud?ows, and avalanche debris up and down the mountain made the Mount St. Helens landscape unique. But I still remember my surprise when, as I stepped out of the helicopter on ?rst landing within the extensive “devastated zone,” I saw hundreds of plants pushing their way up through the mantel of tephra. Surviving organisms were stunning in their diversity, abundance, and the mechanisms by which they survived. They persisted as whole organisms living below ground, encased within late-persisting snowbanks, and buried in lake and stream sediments. They survived as rhizomes transported along with the massive landslide that accompanied the eruption and as stems that suffered the abrasion of mud?ows. Mud?ows ?oated nurse logs covered with tree seedlings and then redeposited them on the ?oor of a forested river terrace. Millions, perhaps billions, of plants survived as rootstocks and rhizomes that pushed their way up through the tephra, and others survived on the bases of uprooted trees.
Disturbance, Survival, and Succession: Understanding Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens.- Geological and Ecological Settings of Mount St. Helens Before May 18, 1980.- Physical Events, Environments, and Geological—Ecological Interactions at Mount St. Helens: March 1980–2004.- Survival and Establishment of Plant Communities.- Plant Responses in Forests of the Tephra-Fall Zone.- Plant Succession on the Mount St. Helens Debris-Avalanche Deposit.- Geomorphic Change and Vegetation Development on the Muddy River Mudflow Deposit.- Proximity, Microsites, and Biotic Interactions During Early Succession.- Remote Sensing of Vegetation Responses During the First 20 Years Following the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens: A Spatially and Temporally Stratified Analysis.- Survival and Establishment of Animal Communities.- Arthropods as Pioneers in the Regeneration of Life on the Pyroclastic-Flow Deposits of Mount St. Helens.- Posteruption Arthropod Succession on the Mount St. Helens Volcano: The Ground-Dwelling Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera).- Causes and Consequences of Herbivory on Prairie Lupine (Lupinus lepidus) in Early Primary Succession.- Responses of Fish to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens.- Amphibian Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens.- Small-Mammal Survival and Colonization on the Mount St. Helens Volcano: 1980–2002.- Responses of Ecosystem Processes.- Mycorrhizae and Mount St. Helens:Story of a Symbiosis.- Patterns of Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling Across a Volcanic Disturbance Gradient: A Case Study Using Rodent Carcasses.- Lupine Effects on Soil Development and Function During Early Primary Succession at Mount St. Helens.- Response and Recovery of Lakes.- Lessons Learned.- Ecological Perspectives on Management of the Mount St. Helens Landscape.- Overview of Ecological Responses to the Eruption of Mount St. Helens: 1980–2005.
<P>Virginia Dale is a Corporate Fellow in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.&nbsp; She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee.</P>
<P>Fred Swanson is&nbsp;a Research Geologist&nbsp;at the USDA Forest Service Pacific NW Research Station&nbsp;in Corvallis, OR.</P>
<P>Charles Crisafulli is an Ecologist at the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research&nbsp;station in Olympia, WA.</P>
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<P>The eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980, had a momentous impact on the fungal, plant, animal, and human life from the mountain to the far reaches of the explosion's ash cloud and mudflows. Although this intense natural event caused loss of substantial life and property, it also created a unique opportunity to examine a huge disturbance of natural systems and their subsequent responses. Based on one of the most studied areas of volcanic activity, this book synthesizes the ecological research that has been conducted for twenty-five years since the eruption. </P>
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<P>Research from geology as well as plant and animal ecology has been integrated in this unprecedented look at the complex interactions of biological and physical systems in the response of the volcanic landscape. Lessons from the volcano inform our larger understanding of ecosystem disturbances, natural processes, and the impact of land-use practices. Included are results of significant and long-term research on vegetation, mycorrhizae, plant and animal interactions, arthropods, amphibians, mammals, fish, lakes, nutrient cycling, geomorphology, and environmental management. This comprehensive account will be of value to those interested in natural history, ecology, disturbance, conservation biology, limnology, geoscience, and land management. Questions about what actually happens when a volcano erupts, what the immediate and long-term dangers are, and how life reasserts itself in the environment are discussed in full detail.</P>
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<P><EM>Virginia Dale</EM> is a Corporate Fellow in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She is also an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee. </P>
<P><EM>Fred Swanson</EM> is a Research Geologist at the USDA Forest Service Pacific NW Research Station in Corvallis, OR. </P>
<P><EM>Charles Crisafulli</EM> is an Ecologist at the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station in Olympia, WA. </P>
<p>A comprehensive, integrated source of information about the recovery of the catastrophic and well-studied natural disaster at Mount St. Helens, covering twenty-five years of interdisciplinary research</p><p>Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras</p>
Based on one of the most studied cases of volcanic activity, this book synthesizes the comprehensive research conducted for twenty-five years since the eruptions of Mount St. Helens. Research from geology as well as plant and animal ecology has been integrated into a complete, long- term study of the effects of volcanic activity. The authors contribute first-hand knowledge of this significant event, and its aftermath in the natural history of the earth. Questions about what actually happens when a volcano erupts, what the immediate and longterm dangers are, and how life reasserts itself in the area are discussed in full detail.

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