Details

Ecological Biochemistry


Ecological Biochemistry

Environmental and Interspecies Interactions
1. Aufl.

von: Gerd-Joachim Krauss, Dietrich H. Nies

88,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 19.08.2014
ISBN/EAN: 9783527685998
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 440

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Beschreibungen

<p><b>The first stand-alone textbook for at least ten years on this increasingly hot topic in times of global climate change and sustainability in ecosystems.</b></p> <p>Ecological biochemistry refers to the interaction of organisms with their abiotic environment and other organisms by chemical means. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the biochemical flexibility of organisms, which otherwise easily adapt to environmental changes by altering their metabolism. Sessile plants, in particular, have evolved intricate biochemical response mechanisms to fit into a changing environment. This book covers the chemistry behind these interactions, bottom up from the atomic to the system's level.</p> <p>An introductory part explains the physico-chemical basis and biochemical roots of living cells, leading to secondary metabolites as crucial bridges between organisms and the respective ecosystem. The focus then shifts to the biochemical interactions of plants, fungi and bacteria within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the aim of linking biochemical insights to ecological research, also in human-influenced habitats.</p> <p>A section is devoted to methodology, which allows network-based analyses of molecular processes underlying systems phenomena.</p> <p>A companion website offering an extended version of the introductory chapter on Basic Biochemical Roots is available at<br /><b>http://www.wiley.com/go/Krauss/Nies/EcologicalBiochemistry</b></p>
<p>List of Contributors XVII</p> <p>Foreword XXI</p> <p>Preface XXIII</p> <p>CompanionWebsite XXV</p> <p><b>Part I: Basics of Life 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Basic Biochemical Roots 3</b><br /><i>Dietrich H. Nies</i></p> <p>1.1 Chemistry and Physics of Life 3</p> <p>1.2 Energy and Transport 3</p> <p>1.3 Basic Biochemistry 4</p> <p><b>2 Specialized PlantMetabolites: Diversity and Biosynthesis 15</b><br /><i>Alain Tissier, Jörg Ziegler, and Thomas Vogt</i></p> <p>2.1 Metabolite Diversity 15</p> <p>2.2 Major Classes of Plant Specialized Compounds 16</p> <p>2.3 Sites of Biosynthesis and Accumulation 33</p> <p>2.4 Evolution of Specialized Pathway Genes 34</p> <p><b>3 Evolution of SecondaryMetabolism in Plants 39</b><br /><i>MichaelWink</i></p> <p>3.1 Origins of Plant Secondary Metabolism 39</p> <p>3.2 Evolutionary Alternatives 41</p> <p>3.3 Endophytes, Symbiotic, and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 45</p> <p><b>Part II: Ecological Signatures of Life 49</b></p> <p><b>4 Systematics of Life, Its Early Evolution, and Ecological Diversity 51</b><br /><i>Dietrich H. Nies</i></p> <p>4.1 Cellular Life Forms and Subcellular Parasites 51</p> <p>4.2 Superkingdom Archaea 51</p> <p>4.3 Superkingdom Bacteria 55</p> <p>4.4 Superkingdom Eukaryota 59</p> <p><b>5 Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 77</b><br /><i>Heinz Rennenberg</i></p> <p>5.1 Competition for, and Distribution of, Limiting Resources as a Means of Ecosystem Functioning 77</p> <p>5.2 Joint Exploitation of Limiting Resources by Symbioses 79</p> <p>5.3 Avoidance of Competition 89</p> <p>5.4 Facilitation Mechanisms in Communities and Ecosystem Functioning 90</p> <p><b>6 Food Chains and Nutrient Cycles 93</b><br /><i>Felix Bärlocher and Heinz Rennenberg</i></p> <p>6.1 Basic Concepts 93</p> <p>6.2 Aquatic Systems 97</p> <p>6.3 Terrestrial Systems 109</p> <p><b>Part III: Biochemical Response to Physiochemical Stress (Abiotic Stress) 123</b></p> <p><b>7 Information Processing and Survival Strategies 125</b><br /><i>Ingo Heilmann</i></p> <p>7.1 The Stress Concept--Plants and Their Environment 125</p> <p>7.2 Plant Signal Transduction and the Induction of Stress Responses 126</p> <p>7.3 Phytohormones 130</p> <p>7.4 Other Signaling Molecules 141</p> <p>7.5 Signal Transduction by Protein Phosphorylation 148</p> <p>7.6 The Calcium Signaling Network 149</p> <p>7.7 Stress-Induced Modulation of Gene Expression by microRNAs 150</p> <p><b>8 Oxygen 155</b><br /><i>Karl-Josef Dietz</i></p> <p>8.1 Chemical Nature of Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species 155</p> <p>8.2 Oxygen Metabolism 156</p> <p>8.3 Oxygen Sensing 160</p> <p>8.4 Antioxidant Defense 161</p> <p>8.5 Reactive Oxygen Species in Abiotic Stresses 162</p> <p>8.6 Reactive Oxygen Species in Biotic Interactions 164</p> <p>8.7 Cell Signaling Function of Reactive Oxygen Species 165</p> <p><b>9 Light 171</b><br /><i>Thomas Kretsch</i></p> <p>9.1 Principles of Light Detection and Photoreceptor Function 171</p> <p>9.2 Sensing of UV-B Light 175</p> <p>9.3 The LOV Domain: A Variable Molecular Building Block of Many Blue and UV-A Light Sensors 176</p> <p>9.4 Cryptochromes 179</p> <p>9.5 Phytochromes 180</p> <p>9.6 Other Photoreceptor Systems 185</p> <p>9.7 Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Plants -- a Model for a Light-Regulated Adaptation Process 185</p> <p><b>10 Water 191</b><br /><i>Wiebke Zschiesche and Klaus Humbeck</i></p> <p>10.1 Water: the Essence of Life 191</p> <p>10.2 Water Balance in Plants 192</p> <p>10.3 Drought Stress 194</p> <p>10.4 Cold Stress and Freezing 200</p> <p>10.5 Salinity 201</p> <p>10.6 Flooding Stress 205</p> <p><b>11 Mineral Deficiencies 209</b></p> <p>11.1 Mineral Requirement and Insufficiencies 209<br /><i>Edgar Peiter</i></p> <p>11.2 Carnivorous Plants and Fungi 224<br /><i>Gerd-Joachim Krauss and Gudrun Krauss</i></p> <p><b>12 Excess of Metals 237</b><br /><i>Dietrich H. Nies, Eva Freisinger, and Gerd-Joachim Krauss</i></p> <p>12.1 Properties of Transition Metals 237</p> <p>12.2 Metal Transport through Cell Membranes 238</p> <p>12.3 Biochemistry of the Minor Biometals: Essential, Desired, but Also Toxic 240</p> <p>12.4 Biochemistry of Chemical ElementsWithout Known Biological Functions 244</p> <p>12.5 Metal-Binding Peptides and Proteins Involved in Transition Metal Homeostasis 246</p> <p>12.6 Interaction of Plants and Fungi with Metals 251</p> <p><b>13 Xenobiotics from Human Impacts 259</b><br /><i>Magali Solé and Dietmar Schlosser</i></p> <p>13.1 Xenobiotics: from Emission to Cellular Uptake 259</p> <p>13.2 Adverse Effects of Xenobiotics: from Cells to Ecosystems 265</p> <p>13.3 Organismal Responses: Biochemical Elimination of Xenobiotics 268</p> <p><b>Part IV: Organismal Interactions (Biotic Stress) 277</b></p> <p><b>14 The Biofilm Mode of Life 279</b><br /><i>Hans-Curt Flemming</i></p> <p>14.1 What are Biofilms? 279</p> <p>14.2 Environmental Roles of Biofilms 280</p> <p>14.3 Life Cycle of Biofilms 281</p> <p>14.4 Investigation of Biofilms 283</p> <p>14.5 The Matrix: Extracellular Polymeric Substances 284</p> <p>14.6 Communication in Biofilms 287</p> <p>14.7 Enhanced Resistance of Biofilm Organisms 288</p> <p>14.8 Emergent Properties of the Biofilm Mode of Life 290</p> <p><b>15 Rhizosphere Interactions 293</b><br /><i>Silvia D. Schrey, Anton Hartmann, and Rüdiger Hampp</i></p> <p>15.1 Bacterial Communities in the Rhizosphere 294</p> <p>15.2 Fungi of the Rhizosphere 303</p> <p>15.3 Plant--Plant Interactions 306</p> <p><b>16 Plant-Animal Dialogues 313</b><br /><i>Susanne Preiß, Jörg Degenhardt, and Jonathan Gershenzon</i></p> <p>16.1 The Flower Pollinator System 313</p> <p>16.2 Ant--Plant--Fungus Mutualism, a Three-Way Interaction 319</p> <p>16.3 Phenolics in the Interaction between Plant and Animals 320</p> <p>16.4 Alkaloids in the Interaction between Plants and Animals 321</p> <p>16.5 Terpenes in Plant Defense 325</p> <p><b>Part V: The Methodological Platform 331</b></p> <p><b>17 Sensing of Pollutant Effects and Bioremediation 333</b><br /><i>Gerd-Joachim Krauss and Dietmar Schlosser</i></p> <p>17.1 Pollutant Effect and Approaches to Characterize Exposure 333</p> <p>17.2 Ecological Restoration and Bioremediation 335</p> <p>17.2.1 Biological Ecosystem Components Mitigating Environmental Pollution 335</p> <p>17.2.2 Present and Future Directions 338</p> <p><b>18 The -Omics Tool Box 343</b><br /><i>Dirk Schaumlöffel</i></p> <p>18.1 Genomics 343</p> <p>18.2 Transcriptomics 345</p> <p>18.3 Proteomics 346</p> <p>18.4 Metabolomics 356</p> <p>18.5 Metallomics 360</p> <p><b>19 Microscope Techniques and Single Cell Analysis 367</b><br /><i>Bettina Hause and Gerd Hause</i></p> <p>19.1 Visualization Principles 367</p> <p>19.2 Preparation of Biological Materials 373</p> <p>19.3 Detection Methods -- from Macromolecules to Ions 375</p> <p>19.4 Single Cell Technologies 380</p> <p>References 382</p> <p>Further Reading 382</p> <p>Glossary 383</p> <p>Index 397</p>
<p>"I recommend this book for students of ecology and plant physiology, although it would be a crime to exclude other disciplines because the authors' explanations of how biochemistry makes ecology work are fascinating." (<i>Ecology</i>, 1 December 2015)</p>
<p><b>Gerd-Joachim Krauss</b> is full Professor Emeritus for Ecological and Plant Biochemistry at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle, Germany, where he gained his PhD in plant biochemistry. He was responsible for research projects at the University of Sackville, Canada, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, and Université de Pau/CNRS, Pau, France. His research interests are focused on metal stress response in plants and fungi, and the development of HPLC and coupling techniques.</p> <p><b>Dietrich H. Nies</b> is full Professor for Molecular Microbiology at the Martin-Luther-University of Halle, Germany. He began his academic career in Göttingen, carrying out his postdoc in Berlin and at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Professor Nies`s research centers on the interaction of bacteria with transition metals.</p>

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